Beyond the skin colour of racism     

Naomi  Standen 《The Geographical journal》2007,173(4):392-393

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Neutron Activation Analysis of Nine GSJ Sedimentary Rock Reference Samples     

Naomi AOTA  Yutaka MIYAMOTO  Sakae KOSANDA  Yasuji OURA  Toshiyuki OKUI  Koh SAKAMOTO 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):185-193

Nine rock reference samples "Sedimentary rock series" issued by the Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) were analysed for up to 31 elements by neutron activation analysis (NAA); 14MeV-NAA for Si and Al, fission track method for U, radiochemical and instrumental NAA for rare-earth elements, and instrumental NAA for the remaining elements, with reactor neutrons for the latter three. The present results are compared with reported values.  相似文献   

Effect of surface layer stochasticity on seismic ground motion coherence and strain estimates   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

A. Zerva  T. Harada 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1997,16(7-8):445-457

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Ten guiding principles for the delineation of priority habitat for endangered small cetaceans     

Peter S. Ross  Jay Barlow  Thomas A. Jefferson  Brendan E. Hickie  Tatiana Lee  Christina MacFarquhar  E. Christien Parsons  Kimberly N. Riehl  Naomi A. Rose  Elisabeth Slooten  Chia-Yang Tsai  John Y. Wang  Andrew J. Wright  Shih Chu Yang 《Marine Policy》2011

The adoption of endangered species laws in various nations has intensified efforts to better understand, and protect, at-risk species or populations, and their habitats. In many countries, delineating a portion of a species' habitat as particularly worthy of protection has become a mantra of these laws. Unfortunately, the laws themselves often provide scientists and managers with few, if any, guidelines for how to define such habitat. Conservationists and scientists may view protecting part of the habitat of an endangered species as an ineffectual compromise, while managers may be under pressure to allow a range of human activities within the species' habitat. In the case of small cetaceans, establishing boundaries for such areas can also be complicated by their mobility, the fluid nature of their environment, and the often ephemeral nature of their habitat features. The convergence of multiple human impacts in coastal waters around the world is impacting many small cetaceans (and other species) that rely on these areas for feeding, reproducing, and resting. The ten guiding principles presented here provide a means to characterize the habitat needs of small, at-risk cetaceans, and serve as a basis for the delineation of ‘priority habitat’ boundaries. This conceptual approach should facilitate a constructive discourse between scientists and managers engaged in efforts to recover endangered species. The degree to which the recovery of an at-risk species can be reconciled with sustainable economic activity will depend in part on how well these principles are incorporated into the delineation of priority habitat.  相似文献   

源自海洋的地震风险     

Naomi Lubick  左玉玲 《国际地震动态》2011,(10):9-11

某些最强的地震源自遥远的海底断层。目前,地球物理学家正在铺设传感器网络,以密切监视这些"潜伏杀手"的动态。  相似文献   

A review of climate geoengineering proposals   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Naomi E. Vaughan  Timothy M. Lenton 《Climatic change》2011,109(3-4):745-790

Climate geoengineering proposals seek to rectify the current radiative imbalance via either (1) reducing incoming solar radiation (solar radiation management) or (2) removing CO₂ from the atmosphere and transferring it to long-lived reservoirs (carbon dioxide removal). For each option, we discuss its effectiveness and potential side effects, also considering lifetime of effect, development and deployment timescale, reversibility, and failure risks. We present a detailed review that builds on earlier work by including the most recent literature, and is more extensive than previous comparative frameworks. Solar radiation management propsals are most effective but short-lived, whilst carbon dioxide removal measures gain effectiveness the longer they are pursued. Solar radiation management could restore the global radiative balance, but must be maintained to avoid abrupt warming, meanwhile ocean acidification and residual regional climate changes would still occur. Carbon dioxide removal involves less risk, and offers a way to return to a pre-industrial CO₂ level and climate on a millennial timescale, but is potentially limited by the CO₂ storage capacity of geological reservoirs. Geoengineering could complement mitigation, but it is not an alternative to it. We expand on the possible combinations of mitigation, carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management that might be used to avoid dangerous climate change.  相似文献   

Uptake and biological effects of synthetic glucocorticoids in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)     

Kei Nakayama  Yoshiyuki Inoue  Naomi Ikeda  Naoki Hashizume  Hidekazu Murakami  Takeshi Ishibashi  Hirofumi Ikeda  Tomohiko Isobe  Shin-Ichi Kitamura  Go Suzuki 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

Uptake and biological effects of synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) were analyzed using common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were exposed to clobetasol propionate (CP) or clobetasone butyrate (CB) individually or in mixture at 1 μg L⁻¹ for 21 days. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) of CB was calculated as 100, and BCF of CP was less than 16. No effects were found in fish erythrocyte and leukocyte numbers and serum glucose levels after exposure to the selected GCs. On the other hand, serum concentrations of free amino acids significantly increased in GC-exposed groups. Thus, exposures to synthetic GCs at relatively low concentrations seemed to cause enhancement of protein degradation and subsequent increase of serum free amino acids without a corresponding increase in serum glucose levels, an effect which might be related to partial induction of gluconeogenesis by GC.  相似文献   

Combined electromagnetic, geochemical and thermal surveys of Taal volcano (Philippines) during the period 2005–2006     

J. Zlotnicki  Y. Sasai  J. P. Toutain  E. U. Villacorte  A. Bernard  Julio P. Sabit  Juan M. Gordon Jr  Ernesto G. Corpuz  M. Harada  J. T. Punongbayan  H. Hase  T. Nagao 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2009,71(1):29-47

Since 1572, 33 phreatic to phreatomagmatic eruptions have occurred on Taal volcano (Philippines), some of them causing several hundred casualties. Considering the time delay between two consecutive eruptions, there is an 88% probability that Taal volcano should have already erupted. Since 1992, several phases of seismic activity have been recorded accompanied by ground deformation, opening of fissures, and surface activity. The volcanic activity of Taal appears to be controlled by dike injections and magma supply, buffered by a hydrothermal system that releases fluids and heat through boiling and subsequent steaming. In early 2005, a multidisciplinary project was launched for studying the hydrothermal activity. To map the hydrothermal system, combined surveys were carried out to investigate self-potential, total magnetic field, ground temperature and carbon dioxide soil degassing, along with satellite thermal imaging of the Main Crater Lake. The elevated temperatures and high concentrations of carbon dioxide, as well as electromagnetic anomalies, indicate large-scale hydrothermal degassing. This process is enhanced along the tectonic features (e.g., crater rim and faults) of the volcano, while active fissures opened along the E–W northern flank during the 1992–1994 seismic activity. Heat and fluids from the hydrothermal system are essentially released in the northern part of the crater, which is bounded to the South by a suspected NW–SE fault along which seismicity seems to take place, and dikes are thought to be intruded. During the January 2005 surveys, a new seismic crisis started, and the felt earthquakes prompted spontaneous evacuation of hundreds of inhabitants living on the volcano. Repeated surveys show changes of self-potential, total magnetic field, and ground temperature with time, without any noticeable spatial enlargement. These observations suggest that the northern flank located between the crater rim and the 1992–1994 fissures is connected with a deep thermal source in Main crater and is reactivated during seismic crises. This sector could be subjected to flank failure.  相似文献   

Environmental controls on modern chironomid faunas from NW Iceland and implications for reconstructing climate change   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Peter G. Langdon  Naomi Holmes  Chris J. Caseldine 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(1):273-293

Reconstructing climate change quantitatively over millennial timescales is crucial for understanding the processes that affect the climate system. One of the best methods for producing high resolution, low error, quantitative summer air temperature reconstructions is through chironomid analyses. We analysed over 50 lakes from NW and W Iceland covering a range of environmental gradients in order to test whether the distribution of the Icelandic chironomid fauna was driven by summer temperature, or whether other environmental factors were more dominant. A range of analyses showed the main environmental controls on chironomid communities to be substrate (identified through loss-on-ignition and carbon content) and mean July air temperature, although other factors such as lake depth and lake area were also important. The nature of the Icelandic landscape, with numerous volcanic centres (many of which are covered by ice caps) that produce large quantities of ash, means that relative lake carbon content and summer air temperature do not co-vary, as they often do in other chironomid datasets within the Arctic as well as more temperate environments. As the chironomid–environment relationships are thus different in Iceland compared to other chironomid training sets, we suggest that using an Icelandic model is most appropriate for reconstructing past environmental change from fossil Icelandic datasets. Analogue matching of Icelandic fossil chironomid datasets with the Icelandic training set and another European chironomid training set support this assertion. Analyses of a range of chironomid-inferred temperature transfer functions suggest the best to be a two component WA-PLS model with r ² _jack = 0.66 and RMSEP = 1.095°C. Using this model, chironomid-inferred temperature reconstructions of early Holocene Icelandic sequences show the magnitude of temperature change compared to contemporary temperatures to be similar to other NW European chironomid sequences, suggesting that the predictive power of the model is good.  相似文献   

Dissolved and total organic and inorganic carbon in some British rivers   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Andy Baker  Sue Cumberland  Naomi Hudson 《Area》2008,40(1):117-127

Rivers transport both organic and inorganic carbon from their sources to the sea. Results of ~800 organic and inorganic analyses from various British rivers of contrasting size and land use are presented here: (1) the headwater River Tern, a rural river of 852 km² catchment; (2) the Ouseburn, a small urban 55 km² catchment; (3) the River Tyne, a larger river system of ~3000 km² catchment; (4) a spatial survey from 205 sample sites on ~60 rivers from SW England. We found that, with the exception of peat-rich headwaters, DIC concentration is always greater than DOC. DIC is primarily in the form HCO₃ ⁻ , with DIC concentrations highest in highly urbanised catchments, typically greater than those observed in catchments with carbonate bedrock, demonstrating a significant and previously unrecognised anthropogenic inorganic carbon input to urban rivers.  相似文献